Editorial and publication information

A venue for digital publication of miscellaneous reports on taxonomy, floristics,
and geographical distribution of vascular plants.

ISSN 2153 733X
www.phytoneuron.net

* Editorial and publication information
Last info update: March 2024

Most recent publications: see top page

Editorial and publication information

Phytoneuron enables quick and no-cost publication of reports primarily on taxonomy, floristics, and geographic distribution of vascular plants. At present, the scope of the journal is limited to studies of plants of North America (including Mexico), Central America, and the West Indies. Geographic exceptions will be made when exigency is required for publication of nomenclature (the editor also claims exceptions). Also welcome are related articles, such as reviews and commentaries on botanical issues.

The editor of Phytoneuron is Guy Nesom. Submissions will be reviewed for content and style by the editor, based on his own knowledge and expertise. If deemed appropriate or necessary by the editor, review by other botanical peers will be sought. An indication of the Phytoneuron review process (if beyond the Editor) will appear in the Acknowledgements. Authors are encouraged to seek reviewers before submitting a manuscript and include appropriate acknowledgement.

In view of how quickly papers are published, authors must use extra care in checking for errors, omissions, completeness of information, etc. The editor recommends that once a manuscript appears to be in final form, authors set it aside for several weeks, then reread before submitting it. Before a manuscript is posted, authors will have the opportunity to review modifications and formatting by the editor, but the posted version is **FINAL**. If a manuscript is accepted, it will be reviewed, edited, and formatted, then returned to the author — after further work from the author, and if accepted by the editor, that version will be **FINAL** and the version to be posted. Manuscripts will remain online permanently, organized by year and order of appearance.

A maximum of 4 manuscripts per author (or per combination of authors) per year will be accepted.

In addition to the Phytoneuron website, articles can be accessed through Botanicus (www.botanicus.org/) and through the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Updates for these will be at least twice a year. All issues hosted by BHL also are duplicated on the Internet Archive (http://archive.org/index.php). Very many thanks to Doug Holland at the Missouri Botanical Garden Library for arranging these significant archival elements.

Manuscripts are posted in PDF format. Publication in Phytoneuron complies with the PDF/A archival standard (ISO 19005-1:2005) –– enabling long-term archiving of electronic documents, ensuring that they can be reproduced exactly the same way in the future. PDF/A documents are 100% self-contained, with all of the information necessary for displaying the document embedded in the file. Information from external sources such as font programs and hyperlinks is not permitted. See full information in Wikipedia (“PDF/A”) and Digital Preservation (“Sustainability of Digital Formats”; http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/). Copyrights of Phytoneuron articles belong to the author(s) (not to the editor or to the journal) and the author(s) may use the article in any way desired.

Format requirements
Submissions should be in MS Word (or comparable) and format should generally follow the manuscripts posted. Manuscripts should be single spaced throughout, including “0 pt spacing” and in 11 point font; margins top and bottom 1 inch, left 1 inch, right 1.25 inches. Double space between paragraphs. Two character spaces between sentences. No character space between author’s initials. Do not use section breaks. Please check other format features in published manuscripts, particularly for formal typification paragraphs and for “collections cited.” Illustrations should be imbedded in the submitted manuscript. The editor may ask for them to be sent as separate jpeg files. When submitting a manuscript, please indicate that you have read through and followed the Checklist for submitted manuscripts (see below) by including the following phrase: ‘I have followed the ‘Checklist for submitted manuscripts.’

For literature references, please use the guide found in Format examples and commonly used references for Phytoneuron (see below) for format of many references potentially used in Literature Cited. If your manuscript includes a reference among the ‘format examples,’ please use that format.

As of 1 January 2012, valid publication of new taxa no longer requires that a Latin diagnosis or description be included in the protologue. For more details see Knapp et al. (2011; Phytoneuron 2011-64). Also as of 1 Jan 2012, publication is effective through posting in electronic-only journals that have an ISSN number. Phytoneuron is such a journal. New typifications also are validated through electronic posting. Dates of electronic publication in Phytoneuron are clearly indicated for each article.

A description or diagnosis, which may be in English or in Latin, still is required for validation of new taxa. A diagnosis is preferable to a description, and for Phytoneuron the preferred format for a diagnosis is this: “Similar to [taxon] in [these features] but different from it in [these features].

Guy Nesom
4631 Pine Street, E210
Philadelphia, PA 19143
guynesom@sbcglobal.net

Last info update: March 2024

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* The name Phytoneuron alludes to the digital/electronic Internet as the primary path of this botanical publication. Plants, of course, don’t have neurons, but research in plant neurobiology points to the involvement of vascular tissue “in conveying electrical impulses generated in zones of special sensitivity to receptive locations throughout the plant in response to mild stress” (Barlow 2008; Baluška & Mancuso 2009).

Baluška1, F. and S. Mancuso. 2009. Plant neurobiology: From stimulus perception to adaptive behavior of plants, via integrated chemical and electrical signaling. Plant Signaling & Behavior 4: 475–476.
Barlow, P.W. 2008. Reflections on ‘plant neurobiology.’ Biosystems 92: 132–147.
Calvo, P. 2016. The philosophy of plant neurobiology: A manifesto. Synthese 193: 1323–1343.

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Checklist for manuscripts submitted to Phytoneuron

TEXT
1. Margins: top and bottom 1 inch, left 1 inch, right 1.25 inches.
Header and footer: 0.5″ (the editor will provide the text for these)

2. Do NOT use section breaks.

3. Use single-spacing throughout (use 2 single spaces to create vertical space), including ‘0 pt spacing.’

4. Use Times New Roman, 11 point font.

5. Two character spaces between sentences.

6. No character space between author’s initials.

7. For authorities of names formally cited, use standard author abbreviations unless there is a particular reason to use the full name.

8. For “additional specimens cited,” exclude collector’s initials.

ABSTRACT
8. The ABSTRACT gives a summary of the content of the article. A “Key Words” line is not included –– information relevant to key words should be included in the ABSTRACT.

LITERATURE CITED
9. Check Format examples and commonly used references for Phytoneuron (below) to find citation formats of many commonly used references. If any or all of your literature citations are among these, please use the format indicated.

10. Use standard abbreviations for journal names.

11. For references: Author. [2 spaces]. Date. [2 spaces]. Title. [2 spaces]. Place of publication.

12. Use ‘en’ dash (not a hyphen) to show page number range, i.e., 1–5 (vs. 1-5).

ILLUSTRATIONS
13. Consider the layout for each illustration or figure –– how will it be positioned and does this affect how the illustration is presented? Tables must be within the established left and right margins.

GENERAL
14. Look at previously published Phytoneuron articles for other guides toward general format.

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Format examples and commonly used references for Phytoneuron

Jones, S.D. 2006. Carex. Pp. 514–556, in G.M. Diggs, B.L. Lipscomb, M.D. Reed, and R.J. O’Kennon. Illustrated Flora of East Texas, Vol 1: Introduction, Pteridophyte, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons. Sida Bot. Misc.26.
Rominger, J.M. 2003. Setaria (Poaceae). Pp. 539–558, in Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 25, part 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford.
Rodriguez Jimenez, C. 1985. Cucurbitaceae. Pp. 415–422, in J. Rzedowski y G.C. Rzedowski (eds.). Flora Fanerogámica del Valle de México. Vol. II. Dicotyledoneae (Euphorbiaceae – Compositae). Myriam Cerda, Mexico.

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Abrams, L. 1951. Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. III. Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California.
Allred, K.W. and R.D. Ivey. 2012. Flora Neomexicana III : An Illustrated Identification Manual. Lulu.com.
Bailey, L.H. 1949. Manual of Cultivated Plants (rev. ed.). MacMillan Co., New York.
Baldwin, B.G., D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R. Patterson, and T.J. Rosatti (eds.). 2012. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California (ed. 2). Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
Carter, J.L. 2012. Trees and Shrubs of New Mexico (revised & expanded). Mimbres Publishing, Silver City, New Mexico.
Cody, W.J. 2000. Flora of the Yukon Territory (ed. 2). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada.
Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas.
Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 1, Asteraceae. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Cronquist, A. 1994. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 5, Asterales. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx.
Cronquist, A. 1984. Polemoniaceae. Pp. 86–155, in A. Cronquist, A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren (eds.). Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, Vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx.
Cronquist, A., N.H. Holmgren, and P.K. Holmgren. 1997. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 3, Part A: Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx.
Diggs, G.M., B.L. Lipscomb, and R.J. O’Kennon. 1999. Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas. Sida Bot. Misc. 16. Bot. Res. Inst. of Texas, Fort Worth.
Diggs, G.M., B.L. Lipscomb, M.D. Reed, and R.J. O’Kennon. 2006. Illustrated Flora of East Texas, Vol 1: Introduction, Pteridophyte, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons. Sida Bot. Misc. 26.
Eilers, L. and D. Roosa. 1994. Vascular Plants of Iowa: An Annotated Checklist and Natural History. Univ. of Iowa Press (Bur Oak Books), Iowa City.
Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany (ed. 8). American Book Co., New York.
Geiser, S.W. 1937. Naturalists of the Frontier. Southern Methodist Univ. Press, Dallas, Texas.
Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual to the Vascular Plants of Eastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.
Godfrey, R.K. and J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States. Dicotyledons. Univ. of Georgia Press, Athens.
Gray, A. 1884. Synoptical Flora of North America, Vol. 1, part 2 (Gamopetalae, including Compositae). Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Co., New York.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Univ. Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Harrington, H.D. 1954. Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver, Colorado.
Harrington, H.D. 1964. Manual of the Plants of Colorado (ed. 2). The Swallow Press, Denver, Colorado.
Hatch, S.L., K.N. Gandhi, and L.E. Brown. 1990. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Agric. Expmt. Sta. MP-1655, College Station.
Heil, K.D., S. O’Kane, and L. Reeves (eds.). 2013 (in press). Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage––Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Hickman, J.C. (ed.). 1993. Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
Holmgren, N. 1984. Scrophulariaceae. Pp. 344–506, in A. Cronquist, A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren (eds.). Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, Vol. 4. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx.
Hultén, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A Manual of the Vascular Plants. Stanford Univ. Press, Palo Alto, California.
Johnston, M.C. 1990. The Vascular Plants of Texas: A List, Up-dating the “Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas” (ed. 2). Published by the author.
Kaul, R.B., D. Sutherland, and S. Rolfsmeier. 2011. The Flora of Nebraska (ed. 2). Conservation and Survey Division, School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Nebraska.
Kearney, T.H. and R.H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona Flora (ed. 2 with Supplement by J.T. Howell, E. McClintock and collaborators). Univ. California Press, Berkeley.
Kral, R., A.R. Diamond Jr., S.L. Ginzbarg, C.J. Hansen, R.R. Haynes, B.R. Keener, M.G. Lelong, D.D. Spaulding, and M. Woods. 2012. Alabama Plant Atlas. [S.M. Landry and K.N. Campbell (original application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research. Univ. of South Florida]. Univ. of West Alabama, Livingston. <http://www.floraofalabama.org/>
Liogier, A.H. 1986. La Flora de la Española. Vol. 4. Ediciones de la Universidad Central del Este, San Pedro de Macorís.
Martin, W.C. and C.R. Hutchins. 1981. A Flora of New Mexico, Vol. 2. J. Cramer, Vaduz.
Munz, P.A. (in collaboration with D.D. Keck). 1959. A California Flora. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
Nash, D.L. and L.O. Williams. 1976. Flora of Guatemala. Part XII. Vernonieae, Astereae, Inuleae, Heliantheae, Anthemideae, Cynareae, Mutisieae, Cichorieae. Fieldiana: Bot. 24, part XII: 1–603.
Nesom, G.L. and associates. 2014. Texas non-native plants: Overview of occurrence and invasiveness assessments. <http://www.texasnonnatives.org>
Poole, J.M., W.R. Carr, D.M. Price, and J.R. Singhurst. 2007. Rare Plants of Texas: A Field Guide. W.L. Moody Jr. Natural History Series, No. 37. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin.
Powell, A.M. 1997. Trees and Shrubs of the Trans-Pecos and Adjacent Areas. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Rzedowski, J. y G.C. Rzedowski (eds.). 1985. Flora Fanerogámica del Valle de México. Vol. II. Dicotyledoneae (Euphorbiaceae – Compositae). Myriam Cerda, Mexico.
Rzedowski, G.C. y J. Rzedowski. 2001. Flora Fanerogámica del Valle de México (ed. 2). Instituto de Ecología, A.C. y Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Edición digital, 2010.
Shreve, F. and I.L. Wiggins. 1964. Flora and Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California.
Small, J.K. 1903. Flora of the Southeastern States. Published by the author, New York
Small, J.K. 1913. Flora of the Southeastern States (ed. 2). Published by the author, New York
Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Smith, E.B. 1978 [1988, ed. 2]. An Atlas and Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas. Dept. of Botany & Bacteriology, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
Smith, E.B. 1994. Keys to the Flora of Arkansas. Univ. of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville.
Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region, 4th Edition. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis.
Torrey, J. and A. Gray. 1840. A Flora of North America, Vol. 1, part 4. Wiley and Putnam, New York.
Turner, B.L., H. Nichols, G. Denny, and O. Doron. 2003. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Vol. I–Dicots; Vol. II– Ferns, Gymnosperms, Monocots. Sida, Bot. Misc. 24, 1 and 2.
Weakley, A.S., J.C. Ludwig, and J.F. Townsend. 2012. Flora of Virginia. Foundation of the Flora of Virginia Project, Inc. BRIT Press, Fort Worth, Texas.
Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 1992. Catalog of the Colorado Flora: A Biodiversity Baseline. Univ. of Colorado Museum, Univ. Press of Colorado, Boulder.
Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 2012. Colorado Flora, Eastern Slope: A Field Guide to the Vascular Plants (ed. 4). Univ. Press of Colorado, Boulder.
Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 2012. Colorado Flora, Western Slope: A Field Guide to the Vascular Plants (ed. 4). Univ. Press of Colorado, Boulder.
Welsh, S. 1974. Anderson’s Flora of Alaska and Adjacent Parts of Canada. Brigham Young Univ. Press, Provo, Utah.
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins. 2003. A Utah Flora (ed. 3). M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young Univ. Press, Provo, Utah.
Wunderlin, R.P. and B.F. Hansen. 2003. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central Florida (ed. 2). Univ. Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Yatskievych, G. 2006. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. Vol. 2. Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis) and Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri (Jefferson City).

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Albee, B.J., L.M. Shultz, and S. Goodrich. 1988. The Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Utah. Utah Museum of Natural History. Digital version <http://www.gis.usu.edu/GeographyDepartment/ utgeog/utvatlas/>. Accessed January 2009.
ARIZ Herbarium. 2009. Specimen collection database and search engine. Univ. of Arizona Herbarium, Tucson. <http://ag.arizona.edu/herbarium/>
BHL. 2015. Biodiversity Heritage Library. A consortium of natural history and botanical libraries. <http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/>
Calflora. 2012. The Calflora Database. Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, based on data contributed by dozens of public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of Calif. Herbaria. Berkeley. <http://www.calflora.org/>
Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. 2013. Bugwood Image Database System; Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS); BugwoodWiki. Univ. of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton. <http://www.bugwood.org/>
Consortium of California Herbaria. 2012. Consortium database (data provided by the participants of the Consortium). <ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/>
CU Museum-COLO. 2009. Specimen Database of Colorado Vascular Plants. Univ. of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder. <http://cumuseum.colorado.edu/Research/Botany/Databases/>
COLO Type Database. 2010. Type Specimen Database of the University of Colorado Herbarium. Univ. of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder. <http://cumuseum.colorado.edu/Research/Botany/Databases/search.php>
FLORIDATA. 2013. A photographic encyclopedia of landscape plants. Tallahassee, Florida. <http://www.floridata. com/index.cfm.>
GCW. 2011. Global Compendium of Weeds. Based on data from Rod Randall’s Global Compendium of Weeds database, dated 24 January 2007. <http://www.hear.org/gcw/>
GH Specimen Database. 2013. Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard Univ. Herbaria, Cambridge, Mass. Updated 21 May 2009. <http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/ databases/specimen_index.html>
Hartman, R.L. and B.E. Nelson. 2001. A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Colorado. Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie. <http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu/colorado/colcklist.word.doc> Accessed January 2009.
JSTOR Plant Science. 2013. JSTOR Plant Science/Global Plants. <http://plants.jstor.org/> Accessed 1 Mar 2013.
Kartesz, J.T. 2014. Taxonomic Data Center. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). Chapel Hill, North Carolina. <http://www.bonap.net/tdc>
Kartesz, J.T. 2014 (last update). North American Plant Atlas (US county-level species maps). Maps generated from Floristic Synthesis of North America, Version 1.0. Biota of North America Program. <http://bonap.net/NAPA/ Genus/Traditional/County>
Kral, R., A.R. Diamond Jr., S.L. Ginzbarg, C.J. Hansen, R.R. Haynes, B.R. Keener, M.G. Lelong, D.D. Spaulding, and M. Woods. 2013. Alabama Plant Atlas. [S.M. Landry and K.N. Campbell (original application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research. Univ. of South Florida]. Univ. of West Alabama, Livingston. <http://www.floraofalabama.org/>
McNeil, J. et al. (prepared and edited by). 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Regnum Vegetabile 146. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. Koeltz Scientific Books.
McNeil, J. et al. (prepared and edited by). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany.
McNeil, K., F.R. Barrie, W.R. Buck, V. Demoulin, W. Greuter, D.L. Hawksworth, P.S. Herendeen, S. Knapp, K. Marhold, J. Prado, W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, G.F. Smith, J.H. Wiersema, and N.J. Turland. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154: 1–240. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany.
NatureServe. 2012. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia: <http://www.natureserve.org/explorer>.
New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council (NMRPTC). 2011. New Mexico Rare Plants Website. Albuquerque. <http://nmrareplants.unm.edu>
Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database (OVPD). 2012. Oklahoma Biological Survey, Biodiversity information and data. <http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/atlasdesc.html>
Randall, R. 2011. Global Compendium of Weeds. Last update 16 Nov 2011. <http://www.hear.org/gcw/>
CONABIO/REMIB. 2011. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad: Nuevo Portal, Biodiversidad Mexicana. The World Biodiversity Information Network (REMIB) <http://www.conabio.gob.mx/remib_ingles/doctos/remibnodosdb.html?>
REMIB-CONABIO. 2013. Distributed database, vascular plants of Mexico. World Biodiversity Information Network (REMIB). Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. <http://www.conabio.gob.mx/ remib_ingles/doctos/remibnodosdb.html?>
RM Database. 2010. Rocky Mountain Herbarium Specimen Database. Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie.
<http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu/data/search.php>
SEINET. 2013. Southwest Environmental Information Network. Managed at Arizona State Univ., Tempe. <http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.php>
Snow, N. 2007. Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region (Version 2).
<http://www.conps.org/pdf/Plant%20Lists/SRMRChecklist_2007_Version2_Final.pdf > Accessed January 2009.
SC Atlas. 2013. South Carolina Plant Atlas (J. Nelson, coordinator). A.C. Moore Herbarium, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia. <http://herbarium.biol.sc.edu/scplantatlas.html>
Tropicos. 2012. Tropicos.org: Nomenclatural, bibliographic, and specimen data accumulated in MBG’s electronic databases. Missouri Botanical Garden. <http://www.tropicos.org>
UVSC Virtual Herbarium. 2008. Utah Valley State College, Orem. <http://herbarium.uvsc.edu/Virtual/> Accessed January 2009.
USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, North Carolina. <http://plants.usda.gov> Accessed January 2014.
USDA, ARS. 2013. National Plant Germplasm System. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. <http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html > Accessed 03 November 2011.
Virginia Botanical Associates. 2012. Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. c/o Virginia Botanical Associates, Blacksburg. <http://www.vaplantatlas.org> Accessed October 2012.
Weakley, A.S. 2012. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Working draft of September 2012. Univ. of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), Chapel Hill.
<http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/FloraArchives/WeakleyFlora_2012-Sep.pdf >
Webb, C.J., W.R. Sykes, and P.J. Garnock-Jones. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch.
Wunderlin, R.P. and B.F. Hansen. 2015. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. [S.M. Landry and K.N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute], Inst. for Systematic Botany, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa. <http://www.florida. plantatlas.usf.edu/>

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Use abbreviations for most journals and serial publications, for example:

Amer. Fern J.
Amer. J. Bot.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
Biochem. Syst. Ecol.
Harvard Papers Bot.
J. Ariz. Acad. Sci.
J. Biogeogr.
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas
J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.
Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
Molec. Phylog. Evol.
New Phytol.
Syst. Bot.

But single-word titles are spelled out, as these: Aliso, Brittonia, Castanea, Ecology, Lundellia, Phytoneuron, Sida